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61.
药剂抑制铜绿微囊藻生长的试验研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
研究用从芦苇中提取的2-甲基乙酰乙酸乙酯和大麦秸浸出液两种化感物质以及十六烷基溴化铵和异噻唑啉酮等四种药剂对不同生长期的铜绿微囊藻进行了对比抑制试验,结果显示在铜绿微囊藻生长的迟缓期投加试验药剂效果比在对数期投加效果都好,在迟缓期投加四种药剂,都有很好的抑藻效果;在铜绿微囊藻生长的对数期投加化感物质,虽然有一定的抑藻率,但效果较差,而在藻对数期投加10mg/L以下的CTAB和异噻唑啉酮能达到很好的水华抑制效果。同时发现,化感物质在某些浓度时还对铜绿微囊藻有刺激生长的作用。 相似文献
62.
63.
含溴自由基对臭氧光解损耗的影响 总被引:6,自引:2,他引:4
本文研究了253.7nm的紫外光照条件下臭氧的损耗,以及在有N2和O2的体系中臭氧损耗的状况,得到不同条件下氧损耗的量子产额。并进一步测定了近似同层条件下溴损氧的量子产额为24±1,计算出BrO+BrO反应的两个分支反应通道的速率比为5.25±0.26。 相似文献
64.
Larry C. Tennyson Carl D. Settergren 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(3):433-433
ABSTRACT: A bromide tracer was used to evaluate percolate water and ion movement in the upper 1.2 m of soil at a proposed sewage effluent irrigation site located in the Missouri Ozarks. Two plots representing Doniphan silt loam and Crider silt loam soils were sprinkler irrigated with local ground water at a rate of 7.62 cm/week from June through August 1976. Soil water potential, percent soil moisture by volume, and background levels of bromide in soil water, ground water, and precipitation were measured at the study plots. Bromide exchange properties and saturated hydraulic conductivity of the soils were determined in the laboratory. During two selected time periods, irrigation water, was spiked with NaBr (5.0 mg/l Br). Bromide movement through the upper profile was quantified by soil water samples and post-sampling neutron activation analysis. Soil moisture was near saturatin in both soils when the Br tracer was applied. Bromide concentrations above background levels (0.023 mg/l Br, Doniphan silt loam and 0.016 mg/l Br, Crider silt loam) were detected within 2.60 hours at 0.9 m in the Doniphan soil and within 3.75 hours at that depth in the Crider soil. The rate of Br movement in the profile was greater in both soils than the measured saturated hydraulic conductivity, Bromide concentrations above background levels were present in soil water from the study plots for a minimum of 21 days after irrigation with the Br tracer. 相似文献
65.
Uera RB Paz-Alberto AM Sigua GC 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2007,14(7):505-509
Background, Aims and Scope Research and development has its own benefits and inconveniences. One of the inconveniences is the generation of enormous
quantity of diverse toxic and hazardous wastes and its eventual contamination to soil and groundwater resources. Ethidium
bromide (EtBr) is one of the commonly used substances in molecular biology experiments. It is highly mutagenic and moderately
toxic substance used in DNA-staining during electrophoresis. Interest in phytoremediation as a method to solve chemical contamination
has been growing rapidly in recent years. The technology has been utilized to clean up soil and groundwater from heavy metals
and other toxic organic compounds in many countries like the United States, Russia, and most of European countries. Phytoremediation
requires somewhat limited resources and very useful in treating wide variety of environmental contaminants. This study aimed
to assess the potential of selected tropical plants as phytoremediators of EtBr.
Materials and Methods This study used tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), mustard (Brassica alba), vetivergrass (Vetiveria zizanioedes), cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica), carabaograss (Paspalum conjugatum), and talahib (Saccharum spontaneum) to remove EtBr from laboratory wastes. The six tropical plants were planted in individual plastic bags containing soil and
10% EtBr-stained agarose gel. The plants were allowed to establish and grow in soil for 30 days. Ethidium bromide content
of the test plants and the soil were analyzed before and after soil treatment. Ethidium bromide contents of the plants and
soils were analyzed using an UV VIS spectrophotometer.
Results Results showed a highly significant (p≤0.001) difference in the ability of the tropical plants to absorb EtBr from soils.
Mustard registered the highest absorption of EtBr (1.4±0.12 μg kg−1) followed by tomato and vetivergrass with average uptake of 1.0±0.23 and 0.7±0.17 μg kg−1 EtBr, respectively. Cogongrass, talahib, and carabaograss had the least amount of EtBr absorbed (0.2±0.6 μg kg−1). Ethidium bromide content of soil planted to mustard was reduced by 10.7%. This was followed by tomato with an average reduction
of 8.1%. Only 5.6% reduction was obtained from soils planted to vetivergrass. Soils planted to cogongrass, talahib, and carabaograss
had the least reduction of 1.52% from its initial EtBr content.
Discussion In this study, mustard, tomato, and vetivergrass have shown their ability to absorb EtBr from contaminated soil keeping them
from expanding their reach into the environment and preventing further contamination. Its downside, however, is that living
creatures including humans, fish, and birds, must be prevented from eating the plants that utilized these substances. Nonetheless,
it is still easier to isolate, cut down, and remove plants growing on the surface of the contaminated matrices, than to use
strong acids and permanganates to chemically neutralize a dangerous process that can further contaminate the environment and
pose additional risks to humans. Though this alternative method does not totally eliminate eventual environmental contamination,
it is by far produces extremely insignificant amount of by-products compared with the existing processes and technologies.
Conclusions Mustard had the highest potential as phytoremediator of EtBr in soil. However, the absorption capabilities of the other test
plants may also be considered in terms of period of maturity and productivity.
Recommendations and Perspectives It is recommended that a more detailed and complete investigation of the phytoremediation properties of the different plants
tested should be conducted in actual field experiments. Plants should be exposed until they reach maturity to establish their
maximum response to the toxicity and mutagenecity of EtBr and their maximum absorbing capabilities. Different plant parts
should be analyzed individually to determine the movement and translocation of EtBr from soil to the tissues of plants. Since
this study has established that some plants can thrive and dwell in EtBr-treated soil, an increased amount of EtBr application
should be explored in future studies. It is suggested therefore that a larger, more comprehensive exploration of phytoremediation
application in the management of toxic and hazardous wastes emanating from biotechnology research activities should be considered
especially on the use of vetivergrass, a very promising tropical perennial grass.
ESS-Submission Editor: Professor Zhihong Xu (zhihong.xu@griffith.edu.au: www.griffith.edu.au/centre/cfhr) 相似文献
66.
在2016年7月~2017年5月期间,运用静态箱法对胶州湾潮滩湿地系统的CHBr3排放通量进行了观测,并对影响CHBr3通量的主要影响因子进行了探究.结果表明,胶州湾潮滩湿地是CHBr3的排放源,互花米草湿地和光滩释放CHBr3的通量均值分别为10.92nmol/(m2×d)和8.96nmol/(m2×d),说明互花米草湿地在一定程度上能够促进CHBr3的排放.不同潮滩湿地之间CHBr3的排放通量有明显区别.互花米草湿地在夏秋季节较高的CHBr3通量可能主要是受温度和植被生物量的影响,光滩在冬春季节较高的CHBr3通量可能与冻融循环过程有关.胶州湾潮滩湿地环境因素变化比较复杂,CHBr3的排放通量受多种因素的影响.温度对CHBr3排放通量的影响显著,而植被生长状况、水盐条件和营养元素等对CHBr3排放通量的影响也不容忽视. 相似文献
67.
高铁酸钾处理水中十六烷基三甲基溴化铵 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
室温条件下采用新型氧化剂高铁酸钾(K2FeO4)处理十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)模拟废水,探讨反应时间、K2FeO4投加量及体系pH值等因素对CTAB去除率的影响.结果表明,反应时间、K2FeO4投加量及溶液pH值对CTAB的去除率均有不同程度的影响,当反应时间为30 min、K2FeO4投加量与处理液中CTAB质量比为1∶1、溶液pH为7时,K2FeO4对表面活性剂CTAB的去除率达79.4%.在反应过程中,K2FeO4的强氧化性与其还原产物的絮凝作用产生协同效应,其中K2FeO4在完全反应之前CTAB的去除主要依靠K2FeO4的强氧化作用,K2FeO4反应完全之后CTAB的去除则主要依靠K2FeO4还原产物的絮凝作用.同时进一步研究了CTAB被处理前后的红外光谱特征,结果表明CTAB在降解过程中经历了链的断裂并进一步被矿化为无机小分子.化学反应动力学研究结果表明K2FeO4与CTAB的反应符合二级反应动力学规律. 相似文献
68.
69.
铜基改性非碳基吸附剂汞脱除性能研究 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
对以CuCl2及CuBr2为活性物质,6种大比表面积非碳基载体制成的吸附剂在不同烟气条件下的汞吸附性能及价态分布进行了研究.在纯N2条件下以氧化铝、沸石、皂土为载体的吸附剂具有很高的汞脱除率.水蒸气会降低吸附剂的汞脱除率,SO2对非碳基吸附剂有抑制作用,对CuBr2改性吸附剂及以皂土为载体的吸附剂的影响尤为突出.NO的影响更多地取决于吸附剂载体的性质.HCl的加入对CuCl2改性吸附剂及以皂土为载体的吸附剂的汞脱除率有抑制效果.模拟真实烟气的作用是几种酸性气体的叠加.其中CuCl2改性氧化铝在所有烟气条件下均表现出较好的汞吸附性能及很高的汞氧化率. 相似文献
70.